🫀 Chapter 2: Circulatory System
Biology Class 10 (FBISE)
Solved Exercise
✅ Short Questions and Answers for Full Marks
Q1: What are the functions of the following heart parts?
- Pericardium: Protects and supports the heart, prevents overfilling.
- Left Atrium: Receives oxygen-rich blood from lungs, sends it to left ventricle.
- Right Atrium: Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body, sends it to right ventricle.
- Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body.
- Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- Bicuspid Valve: Prevents backflow, located between left atrium and ventricle.
- Tricuspid Valve: Prevents backflow, located between right atrium and ventricle.
- Semilunar Valve: Located at the exits of ventricles, prevents backflow of blood.
- Septum: Divides the heart into left and right sides, prevents mixing of blood.
- Aorta: The largest artery, carries oxygenated blood to the body.
- Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
- Pulmonary Vein: Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
- Plasma: Liquid part of blood, transports nutrients and waste.
- Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Carry oxygen using hemoglobin.
- White Blood Cells (WBCs): Protect the body by fighting infections.
- Platelets: Help in clotting of blood to stop bleeding.
Q2: Differentiate between the following:
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Serum vs Blood:
- Serum: Fluid left after clotting.
- Blood: Full fluid with cells.
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Artery vs Vein:
- Artery: Carries blood away from the heart.
- Vein: Carries blood toward the heart.
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Tricuspid vs Bicuspid Valve:
- Tricuspid: Right side of heart.
- Bicuspid: Left side of heart.
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Systole vs Diastole:
- Systole: Contraction of heart muscles.
- Diastole: Relaxation of heart muscles.
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RBC vs WBC:
- RBC: Transports oxygen.
- WBC: Fights infections.
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Pulmonary Artery vs Pulmonary Vein:
- Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.
- Pulmonary Vein: Carries oxygenated blood to heart.
Q3: Why is a circulatory system necessary?
It transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste like carbon dioxide.
Q4: Name the three circuits of the circulatory system.
- Pulmonary Circuit
- Systemic Circuit
- Coronary Circuit
Q5: Describe the coronary circuit.
It supplies blood to the heart muscles through coronary arteries and veins.
Q6: What are the six functions of blood?
- Carries oxygen
- Removes waste
- Transports nutrients
- Fights infection
- Clots to stop bleeding
- Regulates body temperature
Q7: What organs are connected to the circulatory system?
- Heart
- lungs
- kidneys
- liver
- intestines.
Q8: What are the types of blood vessels?
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
Q9: Name types of white blood cells. Why are they called "white"?
Types:
- Neutrophils
- lymphocytes
Called white due to their pale appearance.
Q10: How is the pulmonary artery different from other arteries?
It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while most arteries carry oxygenated blood.
Q11: Why are heart valves important?
They regulate blood flow and prevent backflow, ensuring one-way circulation.
Q12: Why is an artery injury more dangerous than a vein injury?
Because arteries carry blood under high pressure, causing faster and more severe bleeding.
Q13: Why do veins have valves but arteries do not?
- Veins have low-pressure blood, so valves prevent backflow.
- Arteries don’t need them due to high pressure.
Q14: Why are atrial walls thinner than ventricular walls?
Atria only pump blood to nearby ventricles, so less force is needed.
Q15: Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?
Because it pumps blood to the whole body, requiring more strength and pressure.
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