10th COMPUTER SCIENCE
FEDERAL BOARD
NEW BOOK
FEDERAL BOARD
NEW BOOK
EXERCISE SOLUTION
Unit # 01 Short Questions
1.
What is the Significance of
the most significant bit (MSB) in signed binary numbers?
In
signed binary numbers, the most significant bit tells whether the given number
is positive or negative. A MSB of 0 represents that the given number is
positive and MSB of 1 represents that the number is negative.
Example
of Negative number
Example
of Positive number
2.
What is a binary digit, and why is it fundamental in a computer
system?
A
binary digit is the smallest unit of data in computer systems. It is also known
as bit. It is either 0 or 1. These bits form the foundation of all digital
information in a computer system allowing it to represent numbers, texts,
images, audio, video or other data, that is why the binary digit is fundamental
in a computer system.
3.
Why are binary numbers more
efficient for computer calculations than decimal numbers?
Binary numbers are more efficient for computer calculations
because they align with the fundamental logic gates and electronic states
within a computer's hardware. Computers operate on simple on/off states
(representing 1 and 0), making binary, a base-2 system, naturally suited for
these operations. While decimal (base-10) is easier for humans to understand,
its conversion to and from binary within the computer's system can be
time-consuming and resource-intensive.
4. How do ASCII and unicode differ in character representation?
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) and Unicode are different character encoding standards. ASCII represents characters using a 7-bit or 8-bit system, supporting only a limited set of characters, mainly English-based characters. Unicode, on the other hand, is a 16-bit (or more) encoding system that supports a vast range of characters from various writing systems around the world, making it a universal standard for character encoding.
5. What is the importance of positional value in number systems? Give two examples.
Number systems is a positional value system in which the value of digit (in case of decimal number system) and the value of bit (in case of binary number system) depends on its position in a number.
Consider
the number 964 in decimal number system
Here 9 represents 9 hundreds, 6 represents 6 tens and 4 represents 4 units
In the
case of a binary number system, each bit has its own weight or value expressed
as power of 2.
6.
What is the process to
convert a binary number to its hexadecimal equivalent?
To convert a binary number
to hexadecimal, divide the binary number into groups of four digits (nibbles),
then convert each nibble to its hexadecimal equivalent. Finally, combine the
hexadecimal equivalents to form the final hexadecimal number.
The hexadecimal equivalent of 10110100 is B4.
7.
What is the purpose of
machine code in computer operations?
Machine code's purpose is
to act as the direct language understood by a computer's CPU, enabling it to
execute instructions and perform tasks. It's the lowest level of software,
composed of binary instructions (0s and 1s) that directly control the CPU's operations.
Essentially, machine code is the "native language" of a computer,
making it the foundation for all computer operations.
8.
Why are coding schemes used
in computers? Give three reasons?
Coding schemes, like ASCII or Unicode, are used in computers to represent text, numbers, and other data in a way that computers can understand and process. They allow computers to communicate with each other and with users, as well as store and retrieve information.
9.
Write difference between
process and thread?
10.
What is memory management and
how does it work in an operating system?
Memory management in an operating system is the process of allocating and deallocating memory to programs and processes. It ensures that the computer's memory is used efficiently, securely, and reliably. This involves keeping track of where memory is allocated and freeing it up when it's no longer needed.
11. What is a real time operating system and where is it commonly used?
A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is a specialized operating system designed for time-sensitive tasks that require precise timing and predictable execution. It's commonly used in applications where immediate responses and reliable performance are crucial, such as in embedded systems, industrial automation, and aerospace.
12. Differentiate between multiprogramming and multitasking operating systems?
Multiprogramming and multitasking are related concepts in operating systems, but they differ in their scope and purpose. Multiprogramming allows multiple programs to run simultaneously on a single CPU, primarily to improve CPU utilization, while multitasking goes further, allowing multiple programs to be executed concurrently, even though only one program is actively running on the CPU at any given moment, through rapid switching between them.
13.
List two pros and cons of
on-premises hosting?
Complete control on hardware and security.
Customizable to specific needs
14.
What is an application patch?
Give a key function to it.
A patch is a software update or small program designed to fix errors (also called “bugs”) in a software application or operating system. Patches are also used to add new features or improve the performance or security of software. As such, they are vital for the continued use of pretty much any piece of software
15.
Differentiate between offline
and online application.Give one example of each.
Offline applications run locally on a device without needing an internet connection, while online applications require internet access to function and are typically accessed through a web browser or other online platform. An example of an offline application is Microsoft Word, while an online application is Google Workspace.
|
1
(MSB) |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
0
(MSB) |
1 |
1 |
0 |
4. How do ASCII and unicode differ in character representation?
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) and Unicode are different character encoding standards. ASCII represents characters using a 7-bit or 8-bit system, supporting only a limited set of characters, mainly English-based characters. Unicode, on the other hand, is a 16-bit (or more) encoding system that supports a vast range of characters from various writing systems around the world, making it a universal standard for character encoding.
5. What is the importance of positional value in number systems? Give two examples.
Number systems is a positional value system in which the value of digit (in case of decimal number system) and the value of bit (in case of binary number system) depends on its position in a number.
Here 9 represents 9 hundreds, 6 represents 6 tens and 4 represents 4 units
The hexadecimal equivalent of 10110100 is B4.
Coding schemes, like ASCII or Unicode, are used in computers to represent text, numbers, and other data in a way that computers can understand and process. They allow computers to communicate with each other and with users, as well as store and retrieve information.
|
Process |
Thread |
|
An executing instance of a program is
called a process. |
A thread is the subset of the process. |
|
Process runs in a separate memory state. |
Threads run in shared memory spaces. |
|
Process are independents |
Threads are dependent, |
Memory management in an operating system is the process of allocating and deallocating memory to programs and processes. It ensures that the computer's memory is used efficiently, securely, and reliably. This involves keeping track of where memory is allocated and freeing it up when it's no longer needed.
11. What is a real time operating system and where is it commonly used?
A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is a specialized operating system designed for time-sensitive tasks that require precise timing and predictable execution. It's commonly used in applications where immediate responses and reliable performance are crucial, such as in embedded systems, industrial automation, and aerospace.
12. Differentiate between multiprogramming and multitasking operating systems?
Multiprogramming and multitasking are related concepts in operating systems, but they differ in their scope and purpose. Multiprogramming allows multiple programs to run simultaneously on a single CPU, primarily to improve CPU utilization, while multitasking goes further, allowing multiple programs to be executed concurrently, even though only one program is actively running on the CPU at any given moment, through rapid switching between them.
Customizable to specific needs
- High initial and ongoing cost
- Limited scalability
A patch is a software update or small program designed to fix errors (also called “bugs”) in a software application or operating system. Patches are also used to add new features or improve the performance or security of software. As such, they are vital for the continued use of pretty much any piece of software
Offline applications run locally on a device without needing an internet connection, while online applications require internet access to function and are typically accessed through a web browser or other online platform. An example of an offline application is Microsoft Word, while an online application is Google Workspace.
0 Comments